How to Stop Smoking

Smoking for some people has become a necessity, perhaps initially you just try it, or you just make it as a lifestyle. maybe if you do not make smoking as a habit it wont bothering you, but what if it be otherwise, and even become your needs? then how can you escape the smoking-habit before you become one of the victim of many diseases caused by smoking. There are 5 ways to quit smoking :

1. Write on a piece of paper, the reason you should quit smoking,
everyone has a few reasons why she should stop smoking, write down your reasons and begin to decide to quit smoking, it makes your goals more clearly and you will always remember it. if you do not have an excuses to stops then you will go back to your habits that are less good.

2. Drink plenty of water
drinking water in addition to preventing you from dehydration, water also helps eliminate toxins in the causes the of nicotine, try not to drink coffee because coffee will trigger your desire to smoke. replace  coffee with water.

3. exercise regularly
take your time to exercise, because it can help you relieve your stress. If you do lack of sports,it can trigger you back to smoke.

4. Focus and fight desires to smoke
when the desire to smoke arises, focus yourself on other things in a positive, such as sports, eating chewing gum, or at least make yourself busy and distracted from that desire.

source: http://memed-al-fayed.blogspot.com/2010/12/cara-mudah-untuk-berhenti-merokok.html

i hope this article will help you guys who want to stop smoking. cheers!

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An animal can live without oxygen??

YES! A group of sea life researchers from Italy and Denmark found a multicellular animal can life without inhaling oxygen.

The group's researchers found three species of Loricifera (looked like jellyfish in less than a millimeter length) in the basin L'Atalante sediment,there is a salt water areas that not oxygenated at 3000 meters depth, the Mediterranean seabed, or the middle of the ocean.

When Antonio Pusceddu, researchers from the Marche Polytechnic University, Italy, and colleagues found Loricifera, they estimate that the animal fell into the sea floor after the animal died.

"We think it is unlikely they could live there," said Pusceddu, as quoted from Discovermagazine. However, from experiments performed on two subsequent expeditions, it is known that the animal was found alive.

Pusceddu mention, Loricifera has a unique way of adaptation to oxygen-free environment.

These animals do not have mitochondria (the cell that is able to convert oxygen into energy as in all other animal cells). However, they use a structure that resembles hydrogenosom, the organ that uses microbes to produce energy.

Interestingly, this finding opens the possibility of a more complex animal life in the harsh oxygen-free environment. Whether on Earth or in other places.

source: http://www.apakabardunia.com/post/sains/loricifera-hewan-yang-dapat-hidup-tanpa-oksigen

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7 Fact About Chameleon

1. The Chameleons' closest relatives are ...the iguanas and dragon lizards (Agamidae). In fact, there are iguanas living in Americas called false chameleons, that resemble a lot the real chameleons of the Old World, and even have the ability of changing their color. The oldest known chameleon is the Mimeosaurus, from the Upper Cretaceous (during the dinosaur times) of Mongolia. It already had a high skull with a marked helmet.

Today, the 156 species of chameleon species are concentrated in Africa, Madagascar and neighboring areas. Just one species reaches southern Europe and another one India. 

2. Unlike most other lizards, chameleons do not creep, but walk slowly, moving just one limb at a time. Most are arboreal and have opposable digits, two against three (like in koala). On thick branches, chameleons use their claws for climbing. Most chameleons have a prehensile (grabbing) tail, and can stay on a branch securing with just two feet and the tail. 130 species are tree dwellers. Because of their arboreal life, chameleons do not compete with other lizards.

 

3. There is a false opinion that the chameleon changes its color to mimic its environment as a defense against predators. An individual able to shift its behavior in accordance with different persons is compared to a chameleon, but this does not happen with the real animal.

In fact, a chameleon attacked by a predator turns reddish with brown or yellow stripes, as most of the chameleons' predators (snakes, mammals) do not distinguish well the colors.

Actually, the chameleon is constantly changing its color according to its emotions, light and temperature. In the cool morning, chameleons warm up at the sun, taking a black coat that adsorbs easier sun heat, besides flattening their flanks. During the night, the chameleons turn whitish, faded. In strong light, chameleons turn brownish. At 25o C they adopt a green color, while at 10o C, their color turns gray.

If a leaf is put on the back of a chameleon and removed after a period, it will leave a color mark on its back, following its shape, due to the shifts in light and temperature.

As chameleons are somehow related to iguanas, it is plausible that the changing color ability developed in a remote ancestor, during the dinosaur era. Thus, being a chameleon won't hide your real feelings. There are in fact some animals that DO copy their environment, using chromatophores, like octopuses or many flatfishes, like flounders, for approaching prey or avoiding predators.

Chameleons possess in the skin chromatophores (pigment cells) containing melanin (which gives the black color) and various other pigments of different colors, but also fat droplets. Chromatophores retire or display their ramifications, and this way the chameleon controls its color.

The color change is under the control of spine nerves and hormones (adrenaline secreted by the adrenal gland and hormones of the hypophysis). Colors displayed by the chameleons vary from gray to whitish, black, vivid green, green-yellow, olive or blue.

Adding to their natural colors their ability to stay still for minutes and their wagging and extremely slow movements (unusual for a lizard) that makes their laterally flattened bodies, adorned by spikes, horns and protuberances, to look like a leaf or twig shaken by wind, we now understand why they may be inconspicuous for their predators and prey.

4. Chameleon afford their slow movements, due to their hunting technique, based on their tongue, which is the longest in the world compared to the body length, in most species being as long as the body and tail combined. The tongue is launched and put back in a fraction of second (0.04 s the launch, 0.5 s the put back). No wonder a chameleon can catch 4 flies in 3 seconds..
The tongue is like a long tube finished in a sticky bulb, due to the mucus secreted by glands located in its tip. The resting tongue is folded like an accordion around a bone called Processus entoglossus. For stretching the tongue during the hunt, the animal must relax longitudinal muscles that act like a spring.

Chameleons hunt mainly insects (including bees and wasps that do not have time to employ their defensive stings because of the velocity of the tongue), spiders and even small birds and rodents in the case of the largest species, than can be 70 cm (two feet) long. This tongue hunting technique is also practiced by some newt species from Americas.

If the prey is located out of the tongue's range, the chameleon approaches slowly and patiently, till the point where it can trigger the tongue weapon efficiently. Chameleons have even teeth used from chopping prey to fights between rivals.

These lizards eat on the morning and evening, avoiding the midday heat. In temperate climate (like southern Spain) they are inactive during the winter.

Chameleons drink dew and rain water, but they can also adsorb water through their skin (like some desert iguanas and dragon lizards do).

5. Another astonishing ability of the chameleons is that of moving the eyes independently, with an angle of 180� horizontally and 90� vertically. This way they can scan larger portions of their environment. Still, when an eye spots a prey, the eyes are moved to look in the same direction forward, for creating the binocular vision necessary for assessing the distance where the prey is. Each eye can form 3-D images , the eyes functioning alternatively and independently one from the other. This way, the chameleon can explore in 3-D its environment without moving its head, so that it does not attract the attention of the targeted prey.

The visual field of an eye is similar to a teleobjective of 100-135 mm. The cornea is just 16 microns tick.

Chameleons lack a tympanum membrane and have poor hearing and extremely poor smelling, their hunting technique being based on sight.

6. Chameleons are solitary and extremely territorial, rejecting even the company of other chameleons. When an intruder enters a chameleon's territory (from a predator to a chameleon of no matter what sex), the animal starts to wag, raise up on its feet, swell its throat and the body (with the help of inner air sacs going from the lungs through the inner organs) looking bigger and more menacing. Jaw clacking, whistling, and � menacing colors add to the show! The defeated one will adopt a pale-gray color and will leave the territory.

The chameleon molts 3-4 times annually. Chameleons are vulnerable when molting and on the ground.

7. Males are larger and more vividly colored than females, and also posses a rostrum (an elongation over the mouth). Females also have smaller horns and helmets (in species which have them). Males intimidate and fight each other for females, biting and hitting head to head with their horns and helmets.

During mating, the male grabs the female by the nap with the jaws, and immobilize her with his limbs and tail.

One month later, the female digs up a nest at 10-20 cm depth into the soil, deposes 6-40 eggs, cover them with soil and abandons the nest. Hatching can occur between 6 months and 2 years. Some chameleon species do not lay eggs, but keep them in the womb till the youngsters hatch.

Female chameleon

male chameleon - via FLchams

[via -http://news.softpedia.com/news/7-Things-You-Did-Not-Know-About-Chameleons-68852.shtml]

so are you interested in chameleon??? its an amazing animal. ive got 3 chameleons in my house so far.
do you mind getting this beautiful animal?? :D

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7 shocking fact about SUGAR.

A spoonful of sugar may help your health and even your workout. Here, surprising truths you haven't heard about sugar and your sweetener-of-choice.



1. It Doesn't Make You Fat

It only seems like those Girl Scout Cookies go straight to your thighs. Sugar doesn't automatically change into fat in your body, says Tara Gidus, RD, a spokesperson for the American Dietetic Association (ADA). In fact, too many calories cause weight gain -- whether they come from cookies or carrots. But when was the last time you OD'd on carrots? Sugary foods tend to be high-calorie and easy to overeat. They cause a spike in blood sugar, followed by a sudden drop that can leave you feeling depleted and hungry.
The Sweet Truth: Limit added sugars to less than 10 percent of your daily calories. If you eat 1,800 calories, that's 180 calories from sugar -- or 11 1/4 teaspoons.

2. Not All Sugars Are Created Equal

Your body responds to various sugars in slightly different ways. For example, lactose in milk is broken down more slowly than fructose in fruit, says Marisa Moore, RD, a spokesperson for the ADA. And some experts think high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) spurs overeating because it enters the bloodstream quickly and doesn't promote fullness; as a result, it's been implicated as a possible culprit in the obesity epidemic. Yet a recent American Medical Association report found that HFCS probably doesn't contribute to obesity any more than table sugar does.
The Sweet Truth: Sugar goes by many names: molasses, evaporated cane juice, fruit juice concentrate, corn sweetener, and honey, and almost anything ending with -ose or syrup. Do the math to find the exact amount a product contains: Four grams of sugar equals one teaspoon. So if your cereal has 16 grams per serving, that's like piling four teaspoons of sugar on your breakfast!

3. It May Improve Your Workout
An Ohio State University study of female rowers found that those who consumed dextrose (a naturally occurring sugar found in syrups and jellies) improved their rowing times nearly threefold, significantly more than those who ate ribose, a sugar often used in performance supplements. Why? "Dextrose requires minimal digestion and can be used by the muscles quickly as an energy source," says FITNESS advisory board member Leslie J. Bonci, RD, director of sports nutrition at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
The Sweet Truth: A pre-workout snack that contains dextrose, such as whole-grain toast with peanut butter and honey, might help you go farther or faster.

4. It Doesn't Cause Diabetes One of the hallmarks of the disease is elevated blood sugar, so many people assume that eating too much of the sweet stuff leads to diabetes. "But sugar doesn't literally go from mouth to bloodstream," Bonci says. The exact trigger for diabetes isn't well understood, but genetic and lifestyle factors -- such as being overweight and sedentary -- appear to play key roles.
The Sweet Truth: Staying at a healthy weight lowers diabetes risk , regardless of how much sugar you eat.

5. You Can Get Addicted to It

Can't kick your candy habit? You just might be hooked. A recent study by New Zealand researchers suggests that sugary cereals and baked goods have qualities that are similar to those of addictive drugs. And scientists at Princeton University report that sugar releases opioids and dopamine, chemicals that activate the brain's pleasure receptors like drugs do.
The Sweet Truth: If eating sugary foods makes you crave more, you may be flirting with addiction. "When you're in the mood for something sweet, choose natural sugars -- like those in fresh, frozen, or dried fruit," Gidus advises. They tend to be less addictive than the sugars in processed foods.

6. It Can Make You Catch a Cold

Eating too many sweets can suppress your white blood cells, meaning you're more susceptible to infectious illnesses like colds and flu. And because high sugar intake triggers inflammation, it ends up diverting immune cells from the germ-fighting front and directing them toward the inflammation instead, explains David Katz, MD, director of the Yale University Prevention Research Center.
The Sweet Truth: In addition to limiting your intake of refined sugars to 10 percent of your daily calories, up your fruit and veggie consumption. Produce contains powerful antioxidants that can bolster your immune system and prevent low-grade inflammation.

7. Artificial Sweeteners May Actually Cause Weight Gain

You reach for diet soda to cut calories, but you might be sabotaging your success: In a series of experiments, researchers at Purdue University found that feeding no-calorie artificial sweeteners to animals actually made it harder for them to control their appetite. The theory: Because these sweeteners taste like sugar but aren't the real thing, your body keeps craving it.
The Sweet Truth: "Eating a caloric snack with an artificially sweetened food or drink -- having almonds with your diet soda, for example -- may prevent the insulin release that can cause overeating," Gidus says. Sweeteners made from the stevia plant (the newest kid on the sugar-substitute block), such as SweetLeaf and Truvia, may be a good bet, because they're natural and still calorie-free.

[via : http://shine.yahoo.com/channel/health/7-shocking-facts-about-sugar-2597352]

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Toddler looked-like girl

Just By Looking at the photos, do you believe that girl was below 22 years old? This cute girl lived in Taiwan and named Sayumi Miwako , one of the Taiwan's Idol and is a very well-known girl because of her cute face which looked like a 4 years old girl (actually 22 years,geez)

pretty cute i think :p

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It's all about fish!

The First Fish

The scientists after years of researching and finding this fish 'Conodontia' the first fish in the world, their fossilized remains intact and the possibility of them lived about 515 million years ago. The picture above is an image that resembles a fossil of the fish and its almost equal to the shape of the world's first fish.

The Largest Fish

Great White Shark called 'Megalodon Shark' (Carcharodon Megalodon).This fish is really impressive carnivore, now only known from the fossil record of it's teeth, probably lived between about 20 to 2 million years ago. Approximate size, based on jaw reconstruction and comparison with today's Great White Shark shows the possibility of approximately 14.7 m (48.4 feet) in length and weighed about 35,000 kg of weight.

World's Smallest Fish


Three types of fish are presented in FishBase which only has a length of 1 cm. Pamphorichthys, spiniceps Photocorynus and nanus Trimmatom. All three are listed as the smallest fish ever entered the Guinness Book of Records as the smallest animal in the world.

World's Smartest Fish

Elephantnose (Gnathonemus petersii) who has a brain of 3.1% of the total weight of it's body. Fish averaged only have brains that weigh less than 1% of total body weight, the average human brain is only at the level of 2.3% of body weight. Elephantnose fish live in freshwater, tropical fish from Central Africa which grow up with a maximum length of 35 cm. It is commercially available species for aquarium and preferred because of it's brilliant and smart behaviour.

The dumbest fish

We can not confirm it, but what we do know is that Acanthonus armatus, a deep-sea fish cusp Eel, have very small brains, relative to body size, of any fish, or even any vertebrate, so he called the stupidest fish.

The Fastest

Istiophorus platypterus recorded that it can travel 91 meters (300 feet) line in three seconds, which is equivalent to 109.2 km / h or 72 mph.

The Largest Egg-Producer

The Greay Grouper, 'Epinephelus tauvina'  can lay as much as 340 million eggs in a season, but the eggs were tiny, which is only about 0.75mm in diameter.

The smallest Egg-Producer

Mobula genus, better known as the Devil Rays, only can produce 1 egg in a season, and then only one young eggs per season. There are several other members of the genus mobula, but less is known of their reproductive biology.
The Most shocking fish

Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) of South America as 'the living generator' is the most shocking fish on earth.its electric organ in it's body were as much as 80% and the average specimen can provide about 1 amp in 400 volts. The record is held as a specimen of the New York Aquarium is measured to give a 650-volt shocks. This voltage can easily kill a human.

The most poisonus fish

Death is a puffer Maki-maki 'Arothron hispidus'.the internal organs of this fish contain a highly toxic thing. which takes less than 0.1 gram (or 400ths ounces) for kilingl a human in less than half an hour

The Fewest Fish

The Devils Hole Pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolic), 15 to 20 mm in length, cyprynid fish can only be found in one location, called the Devil's Hole in Nevada USA. Number of fish is estimated at only 200-700.

The largest fish population

Anchoveta Peru, Engraulis ringens. This is a small fish, up to 8 cm long. A million tons of this fish has been catched in the coast of South America.

The longest age

Rougheye Rockfish (Sebastes aleutianus) from Alaska who reportedly lived to age 205 years, in 2002. nowadays, the fish is still alive.

The deepest living Fish

Abyssobrotula galatheae have been found at a depth of 8372 meters in Puetorican Trench, just a few information were known about the biological of this fish.

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The Tallest Model

The highest model in the world named Amazon Eve has recorded 205 centimeters high. 31-year-old woman is now traveling to various countries as a model. She became known after appearing in a bikini on the cover of a magazine in November last year. After appearing in the magazine, she also began to be known a broad audience.

6 feet 8 inches model

Women from Turlock, California, United States, it has now become a model full-time actress. In addition, she also struggled with the man to get a salary of U.S. $ 400 per hour. She claimed that her tall body came from her ancestor from Germany and the Netherlands. "All the women in my family were tall," said Eve. Because of the higher posture, he was having trouble finding shoes to wear. He wore size 14 shoes..

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10 Scientific Myths

There is no gravity in space

Blame the term "zero-gravity" for this common misconception. Gravity is everywhere, even in space. Astronauts look weightless because they are in continuous freefall towards the Earth, staying aloft because of their horizontal motion. The effect of gravity diminishes with distance, but it never truly goes away. Oh, and while we're at it, it's also untrue that space is a vacuum. There are all kinds of atoms out there, albeit sometimes far apart (and this thin gas adds to the collective gravity budget, too!)

Humans use only 10 percent of their brains


This media darling has been around for at least a century. Fortunately, it's just not true. MRI imaging clearly demonstrates--with fancy colors no less--that humans put most of their cerebral cortex to good use, even while dozing.

Yawning is "contagious"

Empirically, this is tough to deny; perhaps you'll yawn while reading this. The real question is whether there's actually something physiological at work here, and the answer is likely yes: even chimpanzees mimic each other's yawns.

A penny dropped from the top of a tall building could kill a pedestrian

A penny isn't the most aerodynamic of weapons. A combination of its shape and wind friction means that, tossed even from the 1,250-foot Empire State Building, it would travel fast enough merely to sting an unlucky pedestrian.

Adults don't grow new brain cells

Much of a human's crucial brain development happens during childhood, but it isn't all downhill from there. Studies have shown that neurons continue to grow and change well into the adult years.

Chicken soup can cure the common cold

Cure is a strong word, but science suggests Moms around the world are still right in forcing spoonfuls of chicken soup down their kids' throats. Studies have found that the broth actually contains anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce congestion.

Eating a poppy seed bagel mimics opium use

Purveyors of this urban legend call on a popular Seinfeld episode for support. It turns out there's truth behind the comedy: tests suggest ingesting just two poppy seed bagels may produce a positive result for opiates on a drug screen.

Lightning never strikes the same place twice
In fact lightning favors certain spots, particularly high locations. The Empire State Building is struck about 25 times every year. Ben Franklin grasped the concept long ago and mounted a metal rod atop the roof of his home, then ran a wire to the ground, thereby inventing the lightning rod.

Chickens can live without a head

True, and not just for a few minutes. A chicken can stagger around without its noggin because the brain stem, often left partially intact after a beheading, controls most of its reflexes. One robust fellow lived a full eighteen months. Likely he was a real birdbrain, however.

Water drains backwards in the Southern Hemisphere due to the Earth's rotation

Not only is the Earth's rotation too weak to affect the direction of water flowing in a drain, tests you can easily perform in a few washrooms will show that water whirlpools both ways depending on the sink's structure, not the hemisphere.

[via : weirdfactshere.blogspot.com]

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Adam's Bridge, The oldest bridge

Adam's Bridge

Adam's Bridge, or Rama's Bridge is often called one of the "Mysterious Places in the World's" is a chain of artificial limestone (it is not a natural events) between the islands of Mannar, northwestern Sri Lanka and Rameswaram, on the southeastern coast of India. Hindus believe this bridge built by Rama incarnation of Lord Vishnu to rescue the abducted Sita to Lanka by Ravana, as written in the Ramayana. Many of the inscriptions, coins, old wanderer guide, reference the old, ancient religious map indicates this structure is considered sacred by Hindus.Mysterious ancient bridge along 18 miles (30 km) which connects between Manand Island (Sri Lanka) and Pamban Island (India) is estimated has aged one million years.

Satellite image of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka, showing the Adam's Bridge reef, a Remnant of the land bridge the between extreme Peninsular India and Sri Lanka. [Satellite Image courtesy: NASA, Visible Earth

The bridge, named "Vanara Sena" or the NASA called it Adam's Bridge reap a wide range of estimates related to age and history of the bridge.Hindus believe Adam's Bridge is closely related to the Ramayana epic in which the mentioned bridge built by Rama and his allies, the ape-man, who helped the Gods to help Rama to reach Sri Lanka to rescue his wife, Shinta, the giant king, Ravana.While Sri Lanka Archaeology Department said Adam Bridges ages ranging from 1 to 2 million years. While archaeologists and geologists as well as the Team's Center for Remote Sensing, which examined the bridge concluded that Adam's Bridge is only a natural phenomenon that was only about 3,500 years ago.Even so, the NASA issued a commentary to the contrary. That there is no strong evidence that Adam's Bridge made by humans but merely a natural group of islands forming a chain. Even Nasa has said that by using Remote Sensing and imaging from space does not provide information about the originality and age of the bridge. It added there was no evidence of human presence in the vicinity (subcontinent) India more than 350,000 years ago.

The image of Rama Brige itself very easily visible from above sea level because it was not too deep, lasting only as deep flooded approximately 1.2 meters (if the sea water is receding).The status of the bridge they will be remains a mystery until today, according to the interpretation of the experts, it is estimated may Rama Bridge is closely associated with the famous Indian epic, Ramayana.Srilankan Archaeology Department has issued a statment which mentions age Rama Bridge may range between one million to two million years, but whether this bridge is completely formed by nature or man is a masterpiece that they can not explain.SUDeraniyagala, Director General of Archaeology of Sri Lanka which is also the author of "Early Man and the Rise of Civilization in Sri Lanka: the Archaeological Evidence" said that human civilization has appeared in Foot Himalayas approximately 2,000,000 years ago, although according to the historian of civilization The earliest civilization of India is a nation on land Ca, it is not a guarantee that there is a much older civilization than they were before.

Scholars considerate that perhaps this ancient bridge built after the Indian mainland Sri Lanka separated by millions of years ago.In the epic Ramayana, the bridge was built by the ape-man army under the supervision Rama.the point of its own development is as a place of crossing into the country on a mission to rescue Alengka Shinta Dewi, at which time Dewi Sinta in this time of his abduction by the King of the Kingdom of Alengka, namely Ravana.

Arjuna Krisna chariot

Epic Ramayana, according to Hindu calendar should be on the Tredha Yuga (according to the evolution of disc Hindu / Hinduism on the Epic disc is divided on the Sathya (1,728,000 years), Tredha (1,296,000 years), Dwapara (8.64.000 years) and time (4.32.000 years).The present stage according to their calendar is Kali.according to Epic, the age of Rama's Bridge range from 1.7 million years (Sathya).

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